Daha spesifik olarak, bu durum özel nesneler içeriyorsa ya da kendilerini seri hale getirilebilir olmayabilir.

Bu örnek alın:

public class MyException : Exception
{
    private readonly string resourceName;
    private readonly IList<string> validationErrors;

    public MyException(string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors)
    {
        this.resourceName = resourceName;
        this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
    }

    public string ResourceName
    {
        get { return this.resourceName; }
    }

    public IList<string> ValidationErrors
    {
        get { return this.validationErrors; }
    }
}

Bu Durum, seri ve de-tefrika, iki özel özellikleri (ResourceName ValidationErrors) korunmayacaktır. Özellikler null dönecektir.

Özel durum için seri hale getirme ve uygulanması için ortak bir kod deseni var mı?

Temel uygulama, özel özellikleri olmadan

SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomproperties.cs:

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;

    [Serializable]
    // Important: This attribute is NOT inherited from Exception, and MUST be specified 
    // otherwise serialization will fail with a SerializationException stating that
    // "Type X in Assembly Y is not marked as serializable."
    public class SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties : Exception
    {
        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties()
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(string message) 
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(string message, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        // Without this constructor, deserialization will fail
        protected SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) 
            : base(info, context)
        {
        }
    }
}

Tam olarak uygulanması, özel özellikleri ile

Özel seri hale getirilebilir bir istisna (MySerializableException) ve sealed türetilmiş bir özel durum (MyDerivedSerializableException) tam olarak uygulanması.

Ana uygulama burada özetlenmiştir bu konuda puan:

1. Sana[Serializable] öznitelik ile türetilmiş her sınıf süslemek gerekir— Bu öznitelik temel sınıfından miras değil, ve eğer belirtilmişse, seri hale getirme SerializationException belirten ile başarısız olur"Tip Montaj Y X Seri hale getirilebilir olarak işaretlenmemiş."
2. SanaÖzel seri hale getirme uygulamak gerekir. [Serializable] öznitelik yalnız — Exception uygular türetilmiş sınıflar anlamına gelir ISerializable ayrıca özel seri hale getirme uygulamalıdır yeterli değil. Bu iki adımdan oluşur:
   1. Serileştirme bir oluşturucu sağlar. Bu oluşturucu eğer sınıf sealed, protected türetilmiş sınıfları erişim için izin gerektiğini aksi takdirde private olmalıdır.
   2. GetObjectData Geçersiz()emin olmak için temel sınıf kendi durumunu kaydetmek için aracılığıyla sonunda base.GetObjectData(info, context) mi diyorsun.

SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties.cs:

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.Security.Permissions;

    [Serializable]
    // Important: This attribute is NOT inherited from Exception, and MUST be specified 
    // otherwise serialization will fail with a SerializationException stating that
    // "Type X in Assembly Y is not marked as serializable."
    public class SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties : Exception
    {
        private readonly string resourceName;
        private readonly IList<string> validationErrors;

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties()
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message) 
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors)
            : base(message)
        {
            this.resourceName = resourceName;
            this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
            this.resourceName = resourceName;
            this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        // Constructor should be protected for unsealed classes, private for sealed classes.
        // (The Serializer invokes this constructor through reflection, so it can be private)
        protected SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
            : base(info, context)
        {
            this.resourceName = info.GetString("ResourceName");
            this.validationErrors = (IList<string>)info.GetValue("ValidationErrors", typeof(IList<string>));
        }

        public string ResourceName
        {
            get { return this.resourceName; }
        }

        public IList<string> ValidationErrors
        {
            get { return this.validationErrors; }
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");
            }

            info.AddValue("ResourceName", this.ResourceName);

            // Note: if "List<T>" isn't serializable you may need to work out another
            //       method of adding your list, this is just for show...
            info.AddValue("ValidationErrors", this.ValidationErrors, typeof(IList<string>));

            // MUST call through to the base class to let it save its own state
            base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        }
    }
}

DerivedSerializableExceptionWithadditionalcustomproperties.cs:

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.Security.Permissions;

    [Serializable]
    public sealed class DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty : SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties
    {
        private readonly string username;

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty()
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message)
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, string username, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors) 
            : base(message, resourceName, validationErrors)
        {
            this.username = username;
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, string username, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, resourceName, validationErrors, innerException)
        {
            this.username = username;
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        // Serialization constructor is private, as this class is sealed
        private DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
            : base(info, context)
        {
            this.username = info.GetString("Username");
        }

        public string Username
        {
            get { return this.username; }
        }

        public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");
            }
            info.AddValue("Username", this.username);
            base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        }
    }
}

Birim Testleri

Üç istisna türleri yukarıda tanımlanan MSTest birim testleri.

UnitTests.cs:

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
    using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

    [TestClass]
    public class UnitTests
    {
        private const string Message = "The widget has unavoidably blooped out.";
        private const string ResourceName = "Resource-A";
        private const string ValidationError1 = "You forgot to set the whizz bang flag.";
        private const string ValidationError2 = "Wally cannot operate in zero gravity.";
        private readonly List<string> validationErrors = new List<string>();
        private const string Username = "Barry";

        public UnitTests()
        {
            validationErrors.Add(ValidationError1);
            validationErrors.Add(ValidationError2);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties()
        {
            Exception ex =
                new SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(
                    "Message", new Exception("Inner exception."));

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties()
        {
            SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties ex = 
                new SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(Message, ResourceName, validationErrors);

            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestDerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty()
        {
            DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty ex = 
                new DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(Message, Username, ResourceName, validationErrors);

            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");
            Assert.AreEqual(Username, ex.Username);

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");
            Assert.AreEqual(Username, ex.Username);

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }
    }
}